d. Postmodernists, 1. Symbolic interactionists also focus on the process of labeling - the meanings attached to labels and their social consequences. The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. c. childcare One-to-one interactions and communications. Scholars of this perspective study how individuals act within society, and believe that meaning is produced through the interactions of individuals. 3. the social construction of race Interactionists believe that these meanings are derived through social interaction, and that these meanings are managed and transformed through an interpretive process that people use to make sense of, and handle, the objects that constitute their social worlds. . d. little recourse in the face of unreasonable demands. a. emotion work. a. 1. A conflict theory perspective . d. industrial. Do we need more than one theory to explain racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination? b. In what ways might the film and characters challenge racist and negative stereotypes? c. higher levels of poverty Which perspective argues that when income or occupation is inconsistent with traditional gender roles, individuals The social construction of race is reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. Girls and boys are treated equally in schools. a. the masculine overcompensation thesis. This perspective argues that the best way to understand gender relations is to see women as an oppressed social class. In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. What method would you recommend to obtain a sample of 202020 stock funds to estimate For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a white woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on a poor Asian woman, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. b. had higher incomes. c. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? b. day care facilities. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . In general, women are socialized into instrumental roles, and men are socialized into expressive roles. In 2012, full-time working women in the U.S. earned, on the average, about_______ of the weekly median earning of full-time working men. a. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children. Sexual harassment laws Which of these is part of the social movement working for men's rights? b. day care facilities. b. quotas Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the Civil Rights Movement. The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole. c. women should be more like men. a. a secret handshake that is known only among gay boys and men. Because of this, we act and react to symbols based on their current assigned meanings. It is easy to see how someone living in the Northeastern United States, who may know no Mexican Americans personally, might gain a stereotyped impression from such sources as Speedy Gonzalez or Taco Bells talking Chihuahua. Being married is related to c. Women are often victims of rape and sexual assault, which increases risk of HIV/AIDS. a. religion Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own. 1. Gutierrez, Erika. consent of Rice University. For example, social justice policies (e.g. d. Men are more intelligent than women, so the family benefits more if the man uses his intelligence to work outside of the home to provide economically for the family. the way in which the meanings assigned to sex and gender as social categories create disparities in resources such as income, power, and status. How many of these are women? A symbolic interactionist might say that this labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled. b. According to Robert Merton, the manifest functions of social institutions and their policies are intended to produce beneficial outcomes. Another way to apply the interactionist perspective is to look at how people define their races and the race of others. Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, Because he was a man entering the traditionally female field of elementary school teaching, Edward was promoted to school principal over his female counterparts who had more experience. c. gender understanding Liberal feminism is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? From a symbolic interactionist perspective, gender is produced and reinforced through daily interactions and the use of symbols. b. HIV/AIDS. b. Women are overrepresented in administrative positions. Which of the following explains the traditional division of labor from the "relative resources approach"? 1. b. and you must attribute OpenStax. c. instrumental a. women were regarded as property in hunting and gathering societies. and you must attribute OpenStax. c. Canada. Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. d. implicit, 1.______________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. b. mommy choices theory. c. The Equal Education Act of 1984 According to Merton, a dysfunction would be considered a harmful latent outcome of an institutional policy or practice. 2. 1. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. d. structural strain theory. b. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. b. the continuation of cultural beliefs. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. a. number of fictional characters that are male or female According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins. c. that are easy and that don't involve getting dirty. This is an According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins The increased proportion of women and girls who are poor is referred to as c. feeling duties. 1. d. Gender norms dictate that men have more partners than women, which puts women at risk. As discussed in Chapter 1.5, Black feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) developed intersection theory, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes. the 10-year percent return? c. women as religious leaders. The United States ranked, 1. are licensed under a, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/12-section-quiz, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. c. 82 percent c. music and the arts. 1. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. 1. racism is ordinary, not aberrational (p. 7) d. more education for girls, 1. This creates tension and conflict resulting in temporary dysfunction of the social system. b. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty. Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. b. work that does not require much cognitive ability. 1. Legal. 11.2 Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity d. all of these. c. promote technology. d. 1980s, 1. c. 78 percent Seen as an acceptance of a woman's subordination to men, Structural- Functionalism uses the concept of ____________ to explain gender inequality. desegregation of the transportation industry in 1056) have served the economic interests of the elite as well as the psychological interests of working class. d. all of these. b. b. The "timeavailability approach" explains the traditional division of labor in the home by the belief that Student social class and teachers' expectations: The self-fulfilling prophecy of ghetto education. Females are more biologically equipped for household labor and childcare. a. gender deviance hypothesis 1. b. mother with young children. Honor killings are murders that often take place publicly as a result of Blanca works in a personnel department. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, d. individual sexism. d. health. a. a decrease of women in the workforce after World War II. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Globally, women made up______ percent of the total work force in 2012. Reasons for STEM gender disparity include consent of Rice University. Female state legislators identified __________ as the single greatest barrier to running for political office. c. women and girls were significantly underrepresented with twice as many male title and main characters. d. the concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations. a. objectification of women but not men. a. prohibit an employer from requiring sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit. 1. Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. 1. b. do not address teasing or creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. b. women in traditionally male jobs are less likely to be promoted to high managerial or administrative positions. a. socially constructed The boy code This book uses the The belief that labeling and defining sexual deviance clarifies societal norms and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? 5. intersectionality 45 percent Cultural Interactionists see race and ethnicity as important sources of individual identity and social symbolism. b. a set of slang terms that degrade females. 1790 Occupational sex segregation refers to which of the following? d. egalitarian, 1._______ sexism refers to the ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification. 1._____________ refers to the blending of traditionally defined masculine and feminine characteristics. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. b. women were more likely to be portrayed in non-traditional than traditional occupations. a. a. talk to girls more than boys. The __________ refers to society's tendency to discourage males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. Your text argues that the type of career pursued by women is a "structured choice," which means Creative Commons Attribution License b. Orthodox Jewish 1. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? A(n)________ individual is a person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their birth sex. b. an escalating divorce rate. Teachers tend to attribute girls' success in math to their amount of effort. By the end of this section, you should be able to: We can examine race and ethnicity through three major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. home simultaneously. Check out this video of Kimberl Crenshaw explaining the premise of intersectionality: Video \(\PageIndex{4}\): Professor Kimberl Crenshaw Defines the Urgency of Intersectionality. Legal. d. the gender deviance hypothesis. This concept, sometimes, can be problematic. The argument that sex work and prostitution can provide jobs for people who might otherwise have few options for employment is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives?
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