Author of. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. There were also stark divisions between the religions of Christianity and Islam. With a bicameral legislature, each state has proportional representation in the Nigerian House of Representatives, but also three Senators per state. Once associated with revolution, France now specializes in devolution, the steady descent of its economic indicators. This agreement established a devolved government in Northern Ireland. All of these tensions and the power vacuum left by Tito opened the door for violence. Examples of spatial factors causing devolution are Corsica for France, Sardinia for Italy, Taiwan for China, and East Timor for Indonesians. Will you pass the quiz? Factors such as the presence of strong regional or local political parties or movements, the level of support for devolution among the public, and the willingness of the central government to cede power can all shape the devolutionary process. Show answer Answer Ambazonia Show question Question The central government may agree to devolution to ensure that a region remains part of the country but stops stirring up trouble. Flemish independence movement: The Flemish independence movement is a political movement in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium, that seeks independence from Belgium. AP Human Geography Free Response Help - FRQs Failed examples included Sudan, the USSR, and Yugoslavia. Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements. Other physical features that can lead to devolution include deserts and large bodies of water. This is the basic idea behind devolution. This type of dispute is still evident today in the Horn of Africa. The decentralization forces now at play in the United States, spurred by the troubling power-grabbing moves by the Trump administration, are noteworthy for being largely bipartisan, largely trans-continental - except for a few regressive southern states and a few states in the prairies and mountain west - and showing no signs of abatement. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. All of the following factors can be considered devolutionary forces A classic example of devolution is a group demanding more autonomy from the central government. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. What are the three types of devolutionary forces? In 2014, Scotland held a vote for full independence. As the size and responsibilities of subnational governments grew, however, most mayors objected to the centralization of power, known as the tutelle (supervision). True or False: Traditional leaders have no power in Nigeria. Support for the scope of devolution differed in both Scotland and Wales and affected the proposals; Scotland was offered a parliament that would have the ability to pass legislation and set some of its own taxation rates, while the Welsh Assembly would have neither power and instead would be primarily vested with the ability to determine how legislation passed in London was implemented in Wales. police: Decentralized police organizations, https://www.britannica.com/topic/devolution-government-and-politics, The Scottish Government - History of Devolution. 2: Biafra map (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biafra_independent_state_map-en.svg) by Eric Gaba (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Sting) licensed by CC BY-S.A 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), Fig. Think about a family who lives in a five bedroom house. Unity, in other words, is not a quick or easy process. Sovereignty is the internationally recognized exercise of a countrys power over its people and territory. Define devolution. However, devolution can also be a source of tension, as it can lead to differences in the policies and practices of different regions or localities. How do you hold together a country comprised of hundreds of ethnic nations when some of those nations wish to break away and form their own countries and others don't get along with each other? 3b. Some islands that are subject to devolutionary processes include Corsica, Sardinia, Taiwan, Singapore, and more Spatial influences that affect devolutionary processes include distance, remoteness, and marginal location; regions most likely to seek devolution are those far from the capital This trend was also experienced throughout the world, though perhaps the two most notable instances of devolution occurred in France in the 1980s and the United Kingdom in the late 1990s. Let's examine devolution in the U.K. Sub-nationalists may seek to establish or strengthen the powers of regional or local governments, or they may advocate for the creation of an autonomous region or even independence from the central government. Ironically the adoption of the Euro as part of the European Union (EU) created centrifugal forces in Europe. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. The southern states had different political views when it came to slavery and wanted to have their own laws regarding slaves. Yugoslavia ethnic and religious, violent "ethnic cleansing", separate nations Balkanization. Europeans used military force, cultural domination, and formal control from the mother country to monitor their territories. However, debates still rage over whether enough power was devolved in the U.K. Ethnicity and religion increase cultural cohesion in the country by promoting shared political ideology. Under centralized power, the parents could make a rule that the heating and cooling system is not allowed to run during the day while no one is in the house. How do you use the Oghma Infinium multiple times? They are called centrifugal forces, and some examples of these forces are religious, ethno-cultural, economic, and spatial differences and can lead to devolution. Fig. Describe how each of the following forces contributes to devolutionary pressures within a country. Alternatively, a region may be populated by a particular ethnicity that has its own identity different than the dominant ethnic identity in the nation. For Parts B and C, make sure you give specific details for each example. Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions. 3: National Assembly (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg) by Kabusa16 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Kabusa16) licensed by CC BY-S.A. 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en). Sudan was a multi-ethnic state that was composed of several regions with distinct cultural and linguistic identities. j9*az';zpM_p-R\_&8$UU>aX2dE1L6d0>(-RH@Cdn3B2]XQG^a .;H Unit 7: Compare Rostow & Wallerstein Models of Development . Countries such as Spain and Nigeria face devolutionary pressures. C. Describe how regional economic differences contribute to devolutionary pressures within a country. They may have a lot of power, just not governing power. There were also proposals to introduce regional assemblies in England. Poor regions of a country can feel disadvantaged by wealthier ones. The United Kingdom is an example of devolution because England has given some powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who are the other countries in the United Kingdom. In 1997, the British Labour Party gave both the Scots and Welsh a chance to vote on political autonomy, and both voted to have their own parliaments. Hawaii also has a group of natives who want to separate from the United States. Throughout history, there has been a tendency for governments to centralize power. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Legal and constitutional frameworks: The legal and constitutional frameworks in place can also shape the devolutionary process. stream Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. If one region is much more economically independent or richer, they will want to separate while the other region will want them to stay. Canada has numerous examples of devolution within its asymmetric federal system. Cultural diversity 2. The end of the Cold War saw the breakup of the former Soviet Union. Successes of Nigeria's devolutionary strategy include a constitution that guarantees basic freedoms and allows people to rule themselves according to different forms and combinations of laws. But if the parents agree that the kids in the attic can have some leeway to make their own rules and do the same for the rest of the rooms in the house, the parents power becomes decentralized because they are giving it up to the individual rooms in the house. New constitutions have devolved more power, given more people a voice, and theoretically have made it more difficult for people in power to amass great fortunes, but both military and civilian leaders have been able to thrive regardless. That is the case of the Scots in Great Britain. Ukraine is a multi-ethnic state with a complex political landscape, and regional and ethnic tensions have contributed to the emergence of competing power centers. For example, supporters of states rights in the United States favoured diffusing power away from Washington, D.C., toward state and local governments. Devolution in Sudan: Example, Facts & Causes | StudySmarter They take advantage of freedoms such as freedom of movement and the press that exist in this democracy and control autonomous areas with up to 1,000 or more fighters in a single group. Taiwan, Corsica, Puerto Rico, and Sardinia are all exmaples of countries who are experiencing devolution. The national government in Westminster has devolved some of its powers to councils, such as setting council tax and organising rubbish collection. These challenges raise questions about the role that national governments play in the global political system in light of organizations acting out on the world stage. Separatism caused by centrifugal force sometimes leads to devolution as the central government ends up giving the separatist group some of its demands to keep the peace. PDF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines - College Board The table below shows and explains three important historical reasons for devolution. a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and ofter fragmented by aggressive rivals. Six of the World's Most Worrisome Disputed Territories Nomadic pastoralists, principally Fulani cattle herders, have traditionally had difficult relationships with farmers of many ethnicities and religions. Sub-nationalism can be driven by a variety of factors, including cultural or linguistic differences, economic disparities, or a desire to protect regional or local traditions and practices. Spatial Association of Culture Regions: Definition, Distinctions & Influences. Now with over 200 million people and Africa's largest economy, Nigeria has survived as a single country despite enormous problems. A classic example of devolution is a group demanding more autonomy from the central government. The Kurds would be an example of a nation without a state of their own. What are the most common Devolutionary forces? The old saw is that other poor southern states always say, "Thank God for . Physical geography and territorial size C. Identify and explain ONE political impact resulting from devolutionary pressures related to cultural differences in either Spain or Nigeria. Keep reading to learn more about the causes for devolution in Nigeria, the effects, and more.
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